Inhaltsverzeichnis
Warning
Preamble
0 Introduction 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Concepts (see also DVGW Codes of Practice W 213- 2 to W 213-6)
3.1 Differential pressure
3.2 First filtrate (pre-filtrate)
3.3 Filter
3.4 Filter breakthrough
3.5 Filtration area
3.6 Filtration rate
3.7 Filter runtime
3.8 Filter operating volume
3.9 Filter medium
3.10 Filter cleaning
3.11 Filter backwashing
3.12 Resistance to filtration
3.13 Filter efficiency
3.14 Filter inlet
3.15 Filtrate (filter outlet)
3.16 Filtration
3.17 Slow sand filters
3.18 Membrane filters
3.19 Micro screens
3.20 Surface filtration
3.21 Particles
3.22 Volume filtration (deep sand bed filtration)
3.23 Spent filter backwash water
3.24 Rapid sand filters
3.25 Turbidity
3.26 Test filters
4 Necessity and objective of particle removal
5 Methods and equipment for particle separation
5.1 General information
5.2 Pre-treatment
5.2.1 Micro screens
5.2.2 Coagulation / Flocculation
5.3 Filters
5.3.1 Rapid sand filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-3)
5.3.2 Slow sand filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-4)
5.3.3 Membrane filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-5)
5.3.4 Special filters
6 Principles for the selection and conception of methods
6.1 General information
6.2 Efficiency
6.3 Process stability
6.4 Pre- and after-treatment
6.5 Automatability
6.6 Personnel requirement/personnel qualification
6.7 Room and space requirement
6.8 Disposal of residues
6.9 Water required for filter cleaning
6.10 The need for treatment substances and other chemicals
6.11 Preliminary investigations
7 Principles for operation and monitoring
7.1 Continuous operation
7.2 Constant filtration rate
7.3 Avoidance of filter breakthroughs
7.4 Filter cleaning
7.5 Decommissioning
7.6 Commissioning/Recommissioning
7.7 Recirculation of waters arising from filter backwashing
7.8 Monitoring turbidity
7.9 Monitoring particle concentration
7.10 Monitoring microbiological parameters
7.11 Monitoring chemical parameters
7.12 Monitoring raw water quality
7.13 Resistance to filtration and operating pressure
7.14 Logging / operating logs
8 Final acceptance of plants and verification by technical experts
Literary reference
Preamble
0 Introduction 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Concepts (see also DVGW Codes of Practice W 213- 2 to W 213-6)
3.1 Differential pressure
3.2 First filtrate (pre-filtrate)
3.3 Filter
3.4 Filter breakthrough
3.5 Filtration area
3.6 Filtration rate
3.7 Filter runtime
3.8 Filter operating volume
3.9 Filter medium
3.10 Filter cleaning
3.11 Filter backwashing
3.12 Resistance to filtration
3.13 Filter efficiency
3.14 Filter inlet
3.15 Filtrate (filter outlet)
3.16 Filtration
3.17 Slow sand filters
3.18 Membrane filters
3.19 Micro screens
3.20 Surface filtration
3.21 Particles
3.22 Volume filtration (deep sand bed filtration)
3.23 Spent filter backwash water
3.24 Rapid sand filters
3.25 Turbidity
3.26 Test filters
4 Necessity and objective of particle removal
5 Methods and equipment for particle separation
5.1 General information
5.2 Pre-treatment
5.2.1 Micro screens
5.2.2 Coagulation / Flocculation
5.3 Filters
5.3.1 Rapid sand filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-3)
5.3.2 Slow sand filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-4)
5.3.3 Membrane filters (detailed description in DVGW Code of Practice W 213-5)
5.3.4 Special filters
6 Principles for the selection and conception of methods
6.1 General information
6.2 Efficiency
6.3 Process stability
6.4 Pre- and after-treatment
6.5 Automatability
6.6 Personnel requirement/personnel qualification
6.7 Room and space requirement
6.8 Disposal of residues
6.9 Water required for filter cleaning
6.10 The need for treatment substances and other chemicals
6.11 Preliminary investigations
7 Principles for operation and monitoring
7.1 Continuous operation
7.2 Constant filtration rate
7.3 Avoidance of filter breakthroughs
7.4 Filter cleaning
7.5 Decommissioning
7.6 Commissioning/Recommissioning
7.7 Recirculation of waters arising from filter backwashing
7.8 Monitoring turbidity
7.9 Monitoring particle concentration
7.10 Monitoring microbiological parameters
7.11 Monitoring chemical parameters
7.12 Monitoring raw water quality
7.13 Resistance to filtration and operating pressure
7.14 Logging / operating logs
8 Final acceptance of plants and verification by technical experts
Literary reference
